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DYNAMICS OF FLIGHT

 The Dynamics of Airplane Flight

Air is a physical substance with weight. Air has molecules which are always moving. Also the pressure is created by the molecules moving around. Moving air has with that pressure lifts kites and balloons. All objects that fly need that air pressure.

When hot air is pushed inside the balloon, it being lighter than cool air, expands and lifts the balloon. When the hot air cools and is let out of the balloon the balloon comes back down.

How Wings Lift the Plane

Airplane wings being curved on the top make air move faster over the top of the wing and moves slower below the wing. The slow air pushes the wing up and the faster air pushes the wing down causing the object with the wing to get lift.

Laws of Motion

Sir Isaac Newton had discovered three laws of motion. These Laws of Motion help to explain how a planes flies. If an object is not moving, it will not start moving by itself. If an object is moving, it will not stop or change direction unless something pushes it. Objects will move farther and faster when they are pushed harder.

When an object is pushed in one direction, there is always a resistance of the same size in the opposite direction.

Forces of Flight

Four Forces of Flight

Lift - upward 

Drag - down and backward

Weight - downward

Thrust - forward          

Controlling the Flight of a Plane

When one wing direction is down and the other wing direction is up it will cause the object with wings to roll to one direction. We are helping to turn the plane by yawing toward one side. If the pilot raises the nose of the plane, it increases the pitch of the plane. All these dimensions together combine to control the flight of the plane. A pilot of a plane has special controls that can be used to fly the plane. There are levers and buttons that the pilot can push to change the yaw, pitch and roll of the plane.

The ailerons are used in a wing to control the roll or yaw of the plane.  The wing side with raised aileron drops and vice-versa.

Pitch helps the plane in climbing or descending. The elevators which are there on the tail is used to control the pitch. Lowering the elevators causes the airplane's nose to drop, sending the plane down. Raising the elevators causes the airplane to climb.

By controlling the rudder the pilot is able to control the plane movement to left or right. The airplane's nose is pointed in the same direction as the direction of the rudder. The rudder and the ailerons are used together to make a turn.

How does a Pilot Control the Plane?

Several instruments are used by the pilot to control the plane.  Engine power is controlled using the throttle.  By pushing the throttle he can increase the power and pulling back he is able to decrease the power of the engine.

The rudder which controls the yaw of the plane is actioned with pedals placed at the foot level of the pilot. Right rudder is pressed down to turn the plane to the right and vice-versa. The plane can be turned by using both the rudder and airlerons.

The rudder pedals are used in ground as brakes.  When the pilot pushes the top of the rudder pedal, the brakes of the plane are activated, left rudder for left brakes and right rudder for right side brakes.